When light does not focus properly on the retina, vision impairments occur. There are four types: myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and presbyopia.
Myopia
Myopia is the condition of blurry distance vision. Since light focuses in front of the retina, distant objects appear unclear. Myopia can also develop when cataracts occur.
Astigmatism
Astigmatism is the condition where shapes appear distorted. It occurs due to the different curvatures of the cornea along the horizontal and vertical axes.
Hyperopia
Hyperopia is the inability to see nearby objects clearly, unrelated to age. It can be caused by the cornea being too flat or the eyeball being too short, resulting in a refractive error for near vision.
Presbyopia
Presbyopia is the condition where near vision becomes blurred with age.
In the case of vision impairments, the aim is to improve patients' vision through glasses, contact lenses, or laser treatments.